Second crack
Coffee roasting is a complex process that involves a number of chemical reactions. These take place in order to bring out the flavors and aromas of the bean. One of the most important stages in the roasting process is the second crack. This occurs when the coffee bean reaches a certain level of heat and pressure. Understanding this and its effects on the final product is crucial for anyone interested in producing high-quality coffee.
The first crack in coffee roasting occurs when the bean reaches a temperature of around 385-395°F. At this point, the bean begins to expand and release moisture, causing a popping sound that gives the first crack its name. During the first crack, the bean also undergoes a series of chemical changes, including the development of its characteristic flavor and aroma.
The second crack begins at a higher temperature, around 435-450°F. At this point, the cell walls of the bean are breaking down, releasing gases and oils that were trapped inside. This results in a more intense popping sound, and the bean will expand more than during the first crack. The second crack is where the roaster decides to stop the roast as they have reached their desired profile.
One of the most important effects is on the acidity and body of the coffee. As the bean reaches higher temperatures, the acidity decreases, and the coffee begins to taste less bright and fruity. This is why lighter roasts, which are typically stopped before the second crack, have a higher acidity and a brighter flavor profile. Darker roasts, which are typically stopped during or after the second crack, have a lower acidity and a more intense, full-bodied flavor.
Any questions or would you like to find out more about roasting and coffee? Check out our knowledge base.